They see these prophecies, not as miraculously foretelling the future, but as simply the observations of a later writer, who is recording events of his own day. According to this scheme, the expectation of the Stone and Son of Man Da 2, Da 7 turned out to be a mistaken notion that did not actually come to pass, or the writer was being intentionally deceptive.
MacArthur takes a literal approach to the interpretation of Daniel an approach also taken by this website noting that there will be a literal. Da ,22; ; and a literal 1, year kingdom cf. The literal interpretation of prophecy, including Daniel, leads to the premillennial perspective. MacArthur, J.
The MacArthur Study Bible. Nashville: Word Pub. Preterist from Latin praeter meaning "past" holds that through use of symbols and allegory, the Revelation deals with events that were fulfilled in John's time and that it was written primarily to provide hope and comfort to the first century church persecuted by Rome.
For example, this view interprets the beasts of Rev 13 as imperial Rome and the imperial priesthood. The preterist view is held by many modern scholars, especially liberals and those who deny that the Revelation predicts specific future events.
Views the Revelation as a symbolic or allegorical prophetic survey of church history from the first century up to the Second Coming of Christ and was the view espoused by most of the "reformers". This view however has been largely discounted as it does not adequately address the prophesy in the Revelation. The discerning reader needs to be aware that the historicist view is reflected in most of the "older" commentaries many of which are public domain works easily accessible on the internet including the works of John Knox, Martin Luther, John Calvin, John Wesley, Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, C.
Unless you understand their historicist approach to prophesy, you may become very confused when reading these older "classic" commentaries. Note that with the exception of Spurgeon, these works are not included in the list of resources. It is also important to realize that many of these "classic" commentaries tend to treat many of the promises to Israel as now having their primary application to the church, and this view is firmly disavowed by this website.
An example of a historicist interpretation is the belief that the strong angel of Rev 10 symbolizes the Reformation and that the harlot in Rev 17 represents the Roman Catholic church. Maintains that Revelation is not predictive prophecy, but a symbolic portrait of the cosmic conflict between the forces of good and evil.
In this view the Revelation becomes merely a collection of stories designed to teach spiritual truth. Some refer to this method of interpretation as " Spiritual ". Interprets Revelation as predictive of future end time historical events preceding, during and after the return of Jesus Christ, the establishment of His year, millennial kingdom on earth, followed by the creation of a new heaven and new earth.
Variations of this view were held by the earliest expositors, such as Justin Martyr d. This futurist approach has enjoyed a revival since the 19th century and is widely held among evangelicals today. Note that as best I can discern, most of the resources listed below interpret the book of Daniel using a literal "futuristic" approach. The interpretative approach taken by this website regarding Revelation and the prophetic sections of the book of Daniel is that these passages describe literal people, places and events that will be fulfilled in the future.
As someone has well said "If the plain sense makes good sense seek no other sense lest it result in nonsense.
Daniel is one of the great Old Testament prophets, and these prophecies have a great deal to say about things yet to come. Daniel is profitable for the Christian because it describes life in Babylon during the dark days of the captivity of the Jews, in fulfillment of the prophecies God had given this wayward people.
Finally, Daniel is a most profitable book because it describes the life of a very godly man, living in an ungodly world. The wide divergence of interpretative views in the realm of Scripture prophecy makes it imperative that the discerning reader be a "true blue" Berean Acts and perform his or her own inductive study prior to consulting any commentary, tape set, web site or sermon, lest he or she become mired down in confusing rhetoric and specious speculation.
The Prophecies in Daniel and the Revelation of Jesus Christ were written to edify, equip, encourage and bless the saints, not to hopelessly confuse or divide them. That said, there are 3 sites that usually come up on a Google search of "best commentaries" so let's briefly "review" the "review sites:".
You will note for example that the top two commentaries are both amilennial and as Rosscup's critique says both are somewhat "fuzzy" my words in regard to their interpretation of eschatological or prophetic passages, which would seem to me to be a serious deficiency in a commentary on a book in which 8 of the 12 chapters have some of the most incredible prophetic texts in all of Scripture!
The take away is that the reader needs to be very discerning in any list of " best commentaries " lest he or she be misled as to the true interpretation. The best defense against this trap as mentioned above is to first do your own inductive Bible study of the text under the tutelage of the Holy Spirit and then you will in fact be able to comment on the commentaries!
See consulting conservative commentaries Remember, while the commentary is usually written by someone with several degrees after they name, if you are a born again believer in Jesus Christ, you have "the Spirit of truth" Jn indwelling you, and He is every ready and able to lead you into all truth independent of whether or not you have an academic degree!
Please do not misunderstand - I highly value the academic expertise of the commentaries written by those who are authorities in their field, but ultimately we must be like the ancient Berean followers of Christ " examining literally " sifted up and down "! In summary, if you believe that the safest approach to interpretation of the Bible is literal, then suffice it to say you will likely be disappointed by the majority of the offerings of "best commentaries on Daniel.
Hopefully, the list below will give some guidance. And as you have surely already surmised, the majority of the works listed on this page of Daniel Commentaries and Sermons are from sources that seek to interpret the text literally, and also interpret figurative language e. Remember that although the language of a text may be figurative or metaphorical, in the final analysis God always intends it to have a literal meaning.
For more discussion on the origin and spiritual danger of the allegorical method of interpretation especially as applied to prophetic books like Daniel click here for Anthony Garland's analysis. He also has an interesting discussion on. The first group of resources below accepts Daniel as a prophecy of the Messiah and allows for a " Gap " Between Daniel's 69 and 70th Week.
The works in this first group seek the normal, literal interpretation and would in general be classified as "futurists" and millennialists. Rosscup - A popular, brief premillennial exposition of Daniel by an expositor who is a master of synthesis. Campbell taught Bible exposition at Dallas Seminary for many years. He illustrates vividly and gears the work for lay people. Rosscup - In a very systematic and thorough way, the author delves into Daniel to compare the amillennial, premillennial and postmillennial interpretations.
He defends the premillennial view and presents several arguments to show that it is superior. It is a penetrating work and very valuable to have. In an appendix, he gives seven arguments in support of his view that the new heavens and new earth will come at the beginning of the millennium and not at the end. Many will disagree that the Bible supports this idea.. James Rosscup : A light, cursory exposition is along popular and premillennial lines, using a lot of long quotes and doing little more than outline prophetical matters.
But it has some good principles for application. For the most part, one would derive more benefit from various works that offer so much more than the appeal of packaging.
James Rosscup : Miller provides a careful premillennial, dispensational explanation on details, such as on Dan. His introduction upholds Daniel in the sixth century B. In the commentary, he offers competent light on many problems, and shows he is aware of views, often giving copious reasons for his own. Rosscup - A dispensational survey, documenting his use of scholarly literature and mingling exegesis and devotional elements.
His dispensational interpretations are fairly standard. Most of these works interpret Daniel's 70th week as literally following the 69th week and interpret the he in Daniel as the Messiah and not the Antichrist. Basically most of these writers also do not accept the year reign of Messiah on earth i.
Baldwin is also helpful in referring at times back and forth from liberal to conservative views cf. A dispensational survey, documenting his use of scholarly literature and mingling exegesis and devotional elements. Rosscup - This work appeared first in Latin in The reader will find much judicious comment with spiritual perception on the character of Daniel.
The prophetical view Calvin advocates is amillennial, so one will see how he explains and defends that perspective on such passages as Daniel 2, 7, 9, 11, and Many principles help readers in application, but too often the comments on prophecy mislead or leave uncertainty, not help one have a sound view.
Commentaries For Biblical Expositors - excellent resource Bolding added for emphasis. Rosscup writing on Young's "The Messianic Prophecies of Daniel" has this comment - This is a solid work showing how an outstanding fairly recent amillennial scholar deals with so crucial a book on eschatology.
It reveals the vital points at which he attacks dispensationalism. He fastens upon the dispensational teaching that the kingdom of the future will be a thousand years, then argues from chapter 2 that the kingdom has to be eternal. Actually, dispensationalists are misrepresented here, for they believe in both. Commentaries For Biblical Expositors - excellent resource Bolding added for emphasis Ed comment : It is indeed a sad paradox that in a clearly prophetic book like Daniel, the writer of a commentary on Daniel would be assessed as "weak in eschatology.
So what is the upshot? As alluded to above, one must be very careful not to rely too heavily on the so-called "best commentary" lists! Rosscup - This amillennial work is quite detailed and helpful in showing the amillennial type of approach to the crucial prophecies, The work by Young, however, is better.
This last group does not believe Daniel is a prophecy of the Messiah and thus these works generally equate with a liberal school of non-literal interpretation. This group generally argues that Daniel was written in the second century late date after all the historical events prophesied had come to pass and thus they conclude that the entire book represents the author's not the original Daniel interpretation of past history.
In general the commentators this non-Christological group attempts to find fulfillment of the Daniel's 70 Weeks in the events leading up to the persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes. In B. This act precipitated the Maccabean revolt which Antiochus attempted unsuccessfully to put down with great cruelty B.
The works below have some excellent aspects from an academic aspect but on prophet passages "be a Berean"! Acts note Note that several of these works are published by companies that one normally considered conservative evangelical sources, but clearly that does not guarantee that the contents are thoroughly conservative and evangelical. Examine every commentary including the notes you are now reading!
The only way you will personally be able to achieve this goal is to learn to study the Scriptures inductively Click introduction to inductive Bible study. Solid food as prepared by careful inductive study is for the mature, who because of practice have their senses trained to discern good and evil see Hebrews note. Rosscup - Immense research in books and journals has gone into this. It has excellent footnote details, many word studies, and a long, learned discussion on introductory matters that is quite informative for many.
Goldingay favors a second century date and sees much fulfillment of prophecy in Maccabean times; it is history written after things happen. He feels the author stretches history at times, and favors saying that the fourth empire in Daniel 7 is an elephant. Often numbers are symbolical. The work has much to offer on literature and views in many cases but is not of reliable value in handling prophecy, in the minds of premillennialists. Rosscup : This is a detailed study of the text from a critical standpoint, and is, in this regard, very helpful to the serious student who is dealing with problems.
Often the work is in a dense fog on prophetical positions, fostering confusion. The series purports to have experts in their field write in a form that will appeal to the general public. Russell dates Daniel ca.
These have been answered well in favor of a 6th century date by such men as Edwin Yamauchi, Greece and Babylon. Yet there is much elucidation from careful scholarship even for evangelicals whose studies lead them to different conclusions. Russell in typical liberal fashion sees the parts of the image as depicting Neo-Babylon, Media, Persia and Greece. His hopes were not realized, for the kingdom did not come literally in the way he expected in his day p.
Yet Russell does believe in the New Testament hope of the kingdom at the end of history. On , he says wrongly that the earlier Hebrews had no belief in individual life beyond the grave p. The work is helpful if one wants to see how a liberal mind deals with what is said. Remember that Scripture is always the best commentary on Scripture. Therefore the inclusion of specific links does not indicate that we agree with every comment. We have made a sincere effort to select only the most conservative, " bibliocentric " commentaries.
Should you discover some commentary or sermon you feel may not be orthodox, please email your concern. I have removed several links in response to concerns by discerning readers. I recommend that your priority be a steady intake of solid Biblical food so that with practice you will have your spiritual senses trained to discern good from evil Heb note. Daniel 1 Resources. Chronological Treatise And Tables 2.
A Retrospect And A Reply. The Great Tribulation and Israel's Deliverance. The Epilogue. Daniel , , et al - Who was Nebuchadnezzar? Daniel 2 - What is the meaning of Nebuchadnezzar's dream in Daniel 2? Daniel 2 - What are some biblical examples of dream interpretation? Daniel 3 - What should we learn from the account of Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego?
Daniel 5 - Who was Belshazzar? Daniel , - What is the meaning of mene mene tekel upharsin Daniel , 31, , 12, 15, - What is the significance of the Medo-Persian Empire in biblical history? Daniel , 19, 20, 22, 24, What should we learn from the account of Daniel in the lion's den? Daniel , - Who were the satraps in the book of Daniel? Daniel - What are the four beasts in Daniel ? Daniel ff - What is the Revived Roman Empire?
Daniel , 20, 21, 24, 25, 26 - What Who is the little horn in the book of Daniel? Daniel , - Who was Antiochus Epiphanes? Daniel , - What does the Bible say about the angel Gabriel? Daniel - What are the seventy weeks of Daniel? Daniel - What are the seventy sevens in Daniel ? Daniel - What is the Tribulation? How do we know the Tribulation will last seven years?
Daniel , 8 - Does the Bible mention Alexander the Great? Daniel , 21, - Who is Michael the archangel? Daniel ff - Who is the prince of Persia in Daniel 10? What do you do with a future National Israel in the Bible? Daniel 1. The Beginning of Gentile Dominion Daniel 2. The Golden Image Daniel 4. The Tree Dream Daniel 5. The Fall of Babylon Daniel 6. The Four Wild Beasts Daniel 8.
The Ram and the He-Goat Daniel 9. Is There Life After Death? Refrain Hold the Gospel banner high! Daniel many days Daniel time of the end Daniel the king against the God of gods Daniel God of his fathers Daniel God of forces Daniel king of the south Daniel glorious land Ammon Daniel precious things of Egypt Ethiopians Daniel out of the east Daniel holy mountain Daniel 12 Defender's Study Bible Notes Daniel Michael time of trouble thy people shall be delivered Daniel awake everlasting contempt Daniel stars for ever Daniel run to and fro knowledge shall be increased Daniel thousand two hundred and ninety days Daniel thousand three hundred and five and thirty days.
Daniel 1 Da The third year of the reign of Jehoiakim would be ca. At this time Daniel would have been a teenager. In that case, the conflict is only superficial.
Most modern scholars, however, have concluded that Daniel is historically inaccurate here. Da King Nebuchadnezzar ruled Babylon from ca. For some length of time that seemed very long and so was, since the pain and the stormy haze were the only two things which existed those sounds were the only outer reality.
He had no idea who he was or where he was and cared to know neither. He wished he was dead, but through the pain-soaked haze that filled his mind like a summer storm-cloud, he did not know he wished it.
As time passed, he became aware that there were periods of non-pain, and that these had a cyclic quality. And for the first time since emerging from the total blackness which had prologued the haze, he had a thought which existed apart from whatever his current situation was. This thought was of a broken-off piling which had jutted from the sand at Revere Beach. His mother and father had taken him to Revere Beach often when he was a kid, and he had always insisted that they spread their blanket where he could keep an eye on that piling, which looked to him like the single jutting fang of a buried monster.
He liked to sit and watch the water come up until it covered the piling. Then, hours later, after the sandwiches and potato salad had been eaten, after the last few drops of Kool-Aid had been coaxed from his father's big Thermos, just before his mother said it was time to pack up and start home, the top of the rotted piling would begin to show again — just a peek and flash between the incoming waves at first, then more and more. It was the tide, his father had tried to explain, but he had always known it was the piling.
The tide came and went; the piling stayed. It was just that sometimes you couldn't see it. Without the piling, there was no tide. This memory circled and circled, maddening, like a sluggish fly.
He groped for whatever it might mean, but for a long time the sounds interrupted. Sometimes he stopped. His first really clear memory of this now, the now outside the storm-haze, was of stopping, of being suddenly aware he just couldn't pull another breath, and that was all right, that was good, that was in fact just peachy-keen; he could take a certain level of pain but enough was enough and he was glad to be getting out of the game.
Then there was a mouth clamped over his, a mouth which was unmistakably a woman's mouth in spite of its hard spitless lips, and the wind from this woman's mouth blew into his own mouth and down his throat, puffing his lungs, and when the lips were pulled back he smelled his warder for the first time, smelled her on the outrush of the breath she had forced into him the way aman might force a part of himself into an unwilling woman, a dreadful mixed stench of vanilla cookies and chocolate ice-cream and chicken gravy and peanut-butter fudge.
He heard a voice screaming, 'Breathe, goddammit! Breathe, Paul! The breath blew down his throat again. Blew down it like the dank suck of wind which follows a fast subway train, pulling sheets of newspaper and candy- wrappers after it, and the lips were withdrawal, and he thought For Christ's sake don't let any of it out through your nose but he couldn't help it and oh that stink, that stink that fucking STINK.
When she took her lips away this time he did not let her breath out but pushed it and whooped in a gigantic breath of his own. Shoved it out. Waited for his unseen chest to go up again on its own, as it had been doing his whole life without any help from him.
When it didn't, he gave another giant whooping gasp, and then he was breathing again on his own, and doing it as fast as he could to flush the smell and taste of her out of him. Normal air had never tasted so fine. He began to fade back into the haze again, but before the dimming world was gone entirely, he heard the woman's voice mutter: 'Whew! That was a close one! He dreamed of the piling, so real he felt he could almost reach out and slide his palm over its green-black fissured curve.
When he came back to his former state of semi-consciousness, he was able to make the connection between the piling and his current situation — it seemed to float into his hand. The pain wasn't tidal. That was the lesson of the dream which was really a memory. The pain only appeared to come and go. The pain was like the piling, sometimes covered and sometimes visible, but always there. When the pain wasn't harrying him through the deep stone grayness of his cloud, he was dumbly grateful, but he was no longer fooled — it was still there, waiting to return.
And there was not just one piling but two; the pain was the pilings, and part of him knew for a long time before most of his mind had knowledge of knowing that the shattered pilings were his own shattered legs.
But it was still a long time before he was finally able to break the dried scum of saliva that had glued his lips together and croak out 'Where am I? The name of the man who had written the book was Paul Sheldon. He recognized it as his own with no surprise. And I am — ' 'I know,' he said. Then the pain and the haze. Then the awareness that, although the pain was constant, it was sometimes buried by an uneasy compromise which he supposed was relief.
The first real memory: stopping, and being raped back into life by the woman's stinking breath. Next real memory: her fingers pushing something into his mouth at regular intervals, something like Contac capsules, only since there was no water they only sat in his mouth and when they melted there was an incredibly bitter taste that was a little like the taste of aspirin.
It would have been good to spit that bitter taste out, but he knew better than to do it. Because it was that bitter taste which brought the high tide in over the piling. These things all came at widely spaced intervals, but then as the pain itself began not to recede but to erode as that Revere Beach piling must itself have eroded, he thought, because nothing is forever — although the child he had been would have scoffed at such heresy , outside things began to impinge more rapidly until the objective world, with all its freight of memory, experience, and prejudice, had pretty much re-established itself.
He was Paul Sheldon, who wrote novels of two kinds, good ones and best-sellers. He had been married and divorced twice. He smoked too much or had before all this, whatever 'all this' was.
Something very bad had happened to him but he was still alive. That dark-gray cloud began to dissipate faster and faster.
It would be yet awhile before his number-one fan brought him the old clacking Royal with the grinning gapped mouth and the Ducky Daddles voice, but Paul understood long before then that he was in a hell of a jam.
Whenever she came into the room he thought of the graven images worshipped by superstitious African tribes in the novels of H. In Darujhistan, the city of blue fire, it is said that love and death shall arrive dancing. Maximum toll assumes all trip tolls are during the peak period. Free Pdf Books. Manage Homebrew. Endura is gone. Kynaston, Mark C. Beyond replacing cash collections to improve revenue accountability, ETC has evolved to support the digital age with technologies that The Toll Audiobook.
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